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humble oneself

  • 1 ταπεινόω

    ταπεινόω (ταπεινός) fut. ταπεινώσω; 1 aor. ἐταπείνωσα. Pass.: 1 fut. ταπεινωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐταπεινώθην; pf. ptc. τεταπεινωμένος (Hippocr. et al.; LXX; En 106:1; EpArist 257; Philo, Joseph.) gener. ‘lower, make low’
    to cause to be at a lower point, lower (Diod S 1, 36, 8; Bar 5:7; En 1:6; PsSol 11:4) ὄρος, βουνόν level a mountain, hill Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4).
    to cause someone to lose prestige or status, humble, humiliate, abase, done esp. to slaves, fig. ext. of 1
    w. focus on reversal of status ταπ. ἑαυτόν humble oneself of Christ, who went voluntarily to his death Phil 2:8 (s. on the whole pass. the lit. s.v. ἁρπαγμός and κενόω 1b; also KThieme, D. ταπεινοφροσύνη Phil 2 u. Ro 12: ZNW 8, 1907, 9–33). Of Paul, who did not hesitate to work w. his hands degrade 2 Cor 11:7. ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται (ταπ. … ὑψόω: Chilon in Diog. L. 1, 69) Mt 23:12b; cp. Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. also 2b below). Also the pass. (Hyperid. 6, 10; Jos., Ant. 18, 147) Mt 23:12a; Lk 14:11a; 18:14a (cp. X., An. 6, 3, 18 θεὸς τοὺς μεγαληγορήσαντας ταπεινῶσαι βούλεται).
    w. focus on shaming, w. acc. of pers. or thing treated in this manner (Diod S 8, 25, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 62, 29) μὴ ταπεινώσῃ με ὁ θεὸς πρὸς ὑμᾶς that God may not humiliate me before you 2 Cor 12:21. κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐταπείνωσέν με σφόδρα the Lord God has profoundly shamed me GJs 2:3. τὶ ἐταπείνωσας τὴν ψυχήν σοὺ; Why have you so disgraced yourself? GJs 13:2; 15:3.
    w. focus on punitive aspect (Diod S 13, 24, 6 Tyche [Fortune] ταπεινοῖ τοὺς ὑπερηφάνους; Cyranides p. 49, 12 ἐχθρούς) confound, overthrow τοὺς ὑψηλούς 1 Cl 59:3b; ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων vs. 3a. Cp. B 4:4f (Da 7:24).—ταπεινόω can also refer to external losses, approx. = ‘hold down, harm’ (Petosiris, Fgm. 6 ln. 21 [act.] and 24 [pass.]).
    to cause to be or become humble in attitude, humble, make humble in a favorable sense (Philod., περὶ κακιῶν col. 22, 3 = p. 38 Jensen ἑαυτόν; Celsus 3, 62 αὑτόν) ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο Mt 18:4. So perh. also 23:12b; Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. 2a above). ταπεινοῦσθαι humble oneself, become humble (Menand., Fgm. 754, 6 Kö.=544, 6 Kock τὴν θεὸν ἐξιλάσαντο τῷ ταπεινοῦσθαι σφόδρα; Sir 18:21; GrBar 7:5 ἐταπεινώθην φόβῳ μεγάλῳ) ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον κυρίου Js 4:10. ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ bow down beneath the hand of God (cp. Gen 16:9) 1 Pt 5:6. καρδία τεταπεινωμένη a humbled heart 1 Cl 18:17 (Ps 50:19). ψυχὴ τεταπεινωμένη B 3:5 (Is 58:10.—Cp. Diod S 20, 53, 3 τῇ ψυχῇ ταπεινωθείς; 20, 77, 3 ἐταπεινώθη τὴν ψυχήν). Corresp. ὀστᾶ τεταπεινωμένα 1 Cl 18:8 (Ps 50:10).—KThieme, D. christl. Demut I (history of the word, and humility in Jesus) 1906; DFyffe, ET 35, 1924, 377–79. S. also πραΰτης, end.
    to subject to strict discipline, constrain, mortify. In accordance w. OT usage, ταπεινοῦν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν (Lev 16:29, 31; 23:27; Ps 34:13; Is 58:3 al.) or ταπεινοῦσθαι (Sir 34:26; 2 Esdr 8:21; the prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 353f, LAE 413ff=SIG 1181, 11] θεὸς ᾧ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ταπεινοῦται; s. Dssm., LO 357f, LAE 419) means to mortify oneself GJs 2:2; B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:5); Hm 4, 2, 2 (s. ταπεινοφροσύνη). οἶδα ταπεινοῦσθαι (opp. περισσεύειν) of an austere regimen: I know how to do w. little (cp. ταπεινός Pla. Leg. 762e; s. also Plut., Mor. 7e) Phil 4:12.—WCvanUnnik, Zur Bedeutung von ταπεινοῦν τὴν ψυχήν bei den Apost. Vätern, ZNW 44, ’52f, 250–55. On the whole word: ESchweizer, Erniedrigung u. Erhöhung bei Jesus u. s. Nachfolgern ’55.—DELG s.v. ταπεινός. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ταπεινόω

  • 2 ἑαυτοῦ

    ἑαυτοῦ, ῆς, οῦ, pl. ἑαυτῶν, reflexive pron. (Hom.+; JosAs 7:6 [oft. cod. A; 3:2 αὐτοῦ]). Editors variously replace contract forms αὑτοῦ and αὑτῶν of later mss. w. uncontracted forms or w. αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν; cp., e.g., the texts of Mk 9:16; Lk 23:12; J 2:24; 20:10; Ac 14:17; Ro 1:24; Eph 2:15; Hb 5:3; 1J 5:10; Rv 8:6; 18:7 in GNT1–3 w. GNT4; s. also Merk’s treatment of these same pass. Cp. the ms. evidence for Phil 3:21 in GNT1–3 w. its absence in GNT4. (W-S. §223 16; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 305; I2/2, 65; Rob. 226; Mlt-Turner 190; M-M. s.v. αὑτοῦ; RBorger, TRu 52, ’88, 17–19).
    indicator of identity w. the pers. speaking or acting, self
    of the third pers. sing. and pl. ταπεινοῦν ἑαυτόν humble oneself Mt 18:4; 23:12. Opp. ὑψοῦν ἑ. exalt oneself 23:12; δοξάζειν ἑ. glorify oneself Rv 18:7 v.l. ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἑ. deny oneself 16:24; Mk 8:34 (Mel, P. 26, 181). ἀμάρτυρον ἑ. ἀφεῖναι leave oneself without witness Ac 14:17 v.l.; ἑτοιμάζειν ἑ. prepare oneself Rv 8:6 v.l. εὐνουχίζειν ἑ. make a eunuch of oneself Mt 19:12; σῴζειν ἑ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 137) 27:42; κατακόπτειν ἑ. beat oneself Mk 5:5; πιστεύειν ἑαυτόν τινι J 2:24 v.l. et al.; ἀγοράζειν τι ἑαυτῷ buy someth. for oneself Mt 14:15; Mk 6:36; θησαυρίζων ἑαυτῷ lay up assets for oneself Lk 12:21. ὑποτάσσειν ἑ. Phil 3:21 v.l. W. the middle (cp. X., Mem. 1, 6, 13 ποιεῖσθαι ἑαυτῷ φίλον; Sir 37:8): διεμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς they divided among them J 19:24 (Ps 21:19).—The simple dat. may also be used to emphasize the subject as agent (Hdt. 1, 32; Strabo 2, 1, 35; POxy 2351, 49; Ps 26:12; SSol 1:8) βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρόν bearing the cross without help J 19:17; ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται they themselves will be responsible for the judgment they are to receive Ro 13:2; οὐκ ἐπαινοῦμεν τοὺς προσιόντας ἑαυτοῖς we do not commend those who take the initiative in advancing themselves MPol 4; cp. στρῶσον σεαυτῷ make your own bed Ac 9:34.—Rydbeck 51–61.—Used esp. w. prep.
    α. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (ἀπό 5eα; TestAbr A 19 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8 ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἑλόμενος τὸ ἀγαθόν; Tat. 17, 4 ἐχθρὸν ἀμυνεῖται): ποιεῖν τι do someth. of one’s own accord J 5:19. λαλεῖν speak on one’s own authority (Diod S 12, 66, 2 ἐκήρυξέ τις ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; i.e. without orders from a higher authority) 7:18; 16:13; λέγειν 11:51; 18:34 v.l. (M. Ant. 11, 19 τοῦτο οὐκ ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ μέλλεις λέγειν). καρπὸν φέρειν bear fruit by itself 15:4. ἱκανὸν εἶναι be competent by oneself 2 Cor 3:5 (ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν interchanging w. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν; s. also 1aδ). γινώσκειν know by oneself Lk 21:30. κρίνειν judge for oneself 12:57 (ἐξετάζειν Ath. 18, 1).
    β. διʼ ἑαυτοῦ (POxy 273, 21; PTebt 72, 197; TestJob 16:4): κοινὸς διʼ ἑαυτοῦ unclean in itself Ro 14:14 (EpJer 26; Just., A I, 54, 8; A II, 10, 8; D. 56, 1).
    γ. ἐν ἑαυτῷ to or in oneself, εὐπαρεπέστατον ἦν ἐν αὑτῷ τὸ ὄρος Hs 9, 1, 10. J 13:32 v.l.; Ro 1:24 v.l.; Eph 2:15 v.l. Otherw. mostly w. verbs of speaking, in contrast to audible utterance; s. διαλογίζομαι 1, εἶπον 6, λέγω 1bζ; otherw. ἔχειν τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ have someth. in oneself (cp. Jdth 10:19; Jos., Ant. 8, 171; Just., D. 8, 2; Ath. 10, 2) J 5:26, 42; 6:53; 17:13; 2 Cor 1:9. Gener., of what takes place in the inner consciousness διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17. Esp. γίνεσθαι ἐν ἑαυτῷ come to one’s senses 12:11 (X., An. 1, 5, 17 ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11 ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος). Also:
    δ. ἐξ ἑαυτῶν (Soph., El. 343 ἐκ σαυτῆς; Theophr. Fgm. 96 [in Ps.-Demetr. 222] ἐξ αὑτοῦ) of (our) own strength 2 Cor 3:5.
    ε. εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἔρχεσθαι come to one’s senses Lk 15:17 (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; GrBar 17:3).
    ζ. καθʼ ἑαυτόν by oneself (X., Mem. 3, 5, 4; Plut., Anton. 940 [54, 1 and 2]; 2 Macc 13:13; Just., D. 4, 5; 74:2; Ath. 15, 2 al.) μένειν live by oneself (in a private house) Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρά ἐστιν καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith (when it remains) by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Diog. L. 1, 64 from a letter of Solon: religion and lawgivers can do nothing καθʼ ἑαυτά=if they are dependent on themselves alone).—βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθʼ ἑαυτῆς a kingdom that is divided against itself Mt 12:25.—μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν with oneself, themselves (cp. 1 Km 9:3; 24:3 ἔλαβεν μεθʼ ἑ.) Mt 12:45; 25:3.
    η. παρʼ ἑαυτῷ τιθέναι τι put someth. aside 1 Cor 16:2 (X., Mem. 3, 13, 3; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 68 οἴκαδε παρʼ αὑτῷ; Tat. 7, 2 λόγου δύναμις ἔχουσα παρʼ ἑαυτῇ τὸ προγνωστικόν ‘has in itself’).
    θ. περὶ ἑ. προσφέρειν make offering for himself Hb 5:3. τὰ περι ἑαυτοῦ the passages about himself Lk 24:27.
    ι. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσεύχεσθαι pray to oneself (=in silence) 18:11 (cp. Aristaen., Ep. 1, 6; 2 Macc 11:13; Jos., Ant. 11, 210; Vi. Aesopi G 9 P. πρὸς ἑαυτὸν εἶπεν; 38; Just., D. 62, 2 πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν ὁ θεός … πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λέγομεν). ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτόν, θαυμάζων τὸ γέγονος (Peter) went home, (all the while) marveling at what had taken place Lk 24:12 (FNeirynck, ETL 54, ’78, 104–18). ἀπέρχεσθαι πρὸς ἑαυτούς go home J 20:10 v.l. (for αὐτούς, cp. Polyb. 5, 93, 1; Num 24:25; Jos., Ant. 8, 124; s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 102f). Lk 23:12 v.l.
    for the first and second pers. pl. (gener. H. Gk.; s. FKälker, Quaest. de elocut. Polyb. 1880, 277; Mlt. 87; B-D-F §64, 1; Mayser 303, w. further lit. in note 3; Rob. 689f) ἑαυτούς = ἡμᾶς αὐτούς (Themistocl., Ep. 15; Jos., Bell. 5, 536; Just., A I, 53, 3; D. 32, 5; 34, 1 al.; Tat. 30, 1; Ath. 12, 1) 1 Cor 11:31. ἐν ἑαυτοῖς = ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 8:23; 2 Cor 1:9; =ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 v.l. (En 6:2 ἐκλεξώμεθα ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας). διʼ ἑαυτῶν = διʼ ἡμῶν αὐ. 1 Cl 32:4; παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς = παρʼ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς Ro 11:25 (cp. Just., D. 141, 1 and Tat. 11:2 διʼ ἑαυτούς). ἑαυτοῖς = ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς (cp. En 15:3; TestJob 45:3; TestDan 6:1; Jos., Ant. 4, 190; 8, 277) Mt 23:31; Ro 11:25 v.l.; 1 Cl 47:7.—This replacement of the first and second pers. by the third is very much less common in the sg. (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 2, 143c; Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 6 σὺ … αὑτόν; Aelian, VH 1, 21; Galen, Protr. 10 p. 30, 10 John; Syntipas p. 115, 10 μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ=with me; TestJob 2:3 διελογιζόμην ἐν ἑαυτῷ; GrBar 17:3 εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθὼν δόξαν ἔφερον τῷ θεῷ. Transjordanian ins: NGG Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgr. V n.s. I/1 ’36, p. 3, 1; other exx. in Mlt. 87, n. 2; Mayser 304; Hauser 100), and can hardly be established w. certainty for the NT gener.: s. J 18:34 v.l.; Ro 13:9 v.l.; cp. ISm 4:2 (v.l. ἐμαυτόν); Hv 4, 1, 5 Joly (ἐμαυτῷ B.); Hs 2:1.
    marker of reciprocal relationship, for the reciprocal pron. ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλήλους (also in earlier auth., Kühner-G. I 573; pap in Mayser 304; LXX; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἔδονται τὰ(ς) σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ αἱμα αὐτῶν πίονται; Tat. 3, 3.—W-S. §22, 13; B-D-F §287; Rob. 690) each other, one another συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτούς Mk 9:16 v.l. (s. VTaylor, Comm. ad. loc.; ASyn. app., w. correction of Tdf. app.); λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς as they said to each other Mk 10:26; cp. J 12:19 (πρὸς ἑ. as Antig. Car. 39 μάχεσθαι πρὸς αὑτούς; Lucian, Philops. 29, Ver. Hist. 1, 35; Tat. 26, 3 πολεμοῦντες … ἑαυτοῖς ἀλλήλους καθαιρεεῖτε). χαρίζεσθαι ἑαυτοῖς forgive one another Eph 4:32; Col 3:13. νουθετεῖν ἑαυτούς admonish one another vs. 16. εἰρηνεύειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς live in peace w. one another 1 Th 5:13; τὴν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἀγάπην 1 Pt 4:9.
    marker of possession by the pers. spoken of or acting, in place of the possessive pron. his, her (Mayser 304f; Mlt. 87f) Mt 8:22; 21:8; 25:1; Lk 2:39; 9:60; 11:21; 12:36 al. ESchwartz, Index lectionum 1905, 8f; DTabachovitz, Eranos 93, ’55, 76ff; ADihle, Noch einmal ἑαυτῷ: Glotta 39, ’60, 83–92; s. Rydbeck (1a beg.).—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἑαυτοῦ

  • 3 ταπεινόω

    A lower, in point of height, reduce, σπλῆνα (swollen spleen) Dsc.2.155:—[voice] Pass.,

    πᾶν ὄρος ταπεινωθήσεται LXX Is.40.4

    ;

    πρόσωπον ἐκ μετεώρου ταπεινούμενον Hp.Coac. 208

    ; of a plant, decrease in size, Thphr.HP7.13.9; of rivers, D.S.1.36; Astrol., of a planet, suffer dejection, Vett.Val.119.15.
    II metaph., lessen,

    τὸν φθόνον Plu.Per.32

    ;

    τὸ ἐν μέλιτι χολῶδες Gal.15.683

    (to expl. κολάζεται in Hp.Acut.59); disparage, minimize, Plb.6.15.7, cf. 3.85.7:—[voice] Pass., to be lowered or lessened, Pl.Ti. 72d.
    2 humble, abase, X.An.6.3.18;

    τ. καὶ συστέλλων Pl.Ly. 210e

    ;

    ταπεινώσαντες.. τοὺς νῦν ἐπηρμένους Aeschin.3.235

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    ταπεινωθεὶς ἕπεται Pl.Phdr. 254e

    ;

    ὑπὸ πενίας Id.R. 553c

    , Phld.Rh.1.225 S.;

    τεταπείνωται ἡ τῶν Ἀθηναίων δόξα X.Mem.3.5.4

    ;

    ἐταπεινοῦντο ταῖς ἐλπίσι D.S.13.11

    ;

    τεταπεινωμένων τῶν ἄλλων διὰ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων κατάστασιν Anon.Oxy.664.22

    .
    b violate a woman, LXX Ge.34.2, 2 Ki.13.12,14, Ez.22.10,11.
    3 in moral sense, make lowly, humble,

    ἑαυτόν Phld.Vit.p.38

    J., Ev.Matt. 23.12, al.:—[voice] Pass., humble oneself,

    τὴν θεὸν ἐξιλάσαντο τῷ ταπεινοῦσθαι σφόδρα Men.544

    , cf. LXX Ge.16.9, Si.18.21, 1 Ep.Pet.5.6.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ταπεινόω

  • 4 κατά

    κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).
    A. w. the gen.
    of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.
    of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).
    extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.
    down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.
    w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.
    in a hostile sense, against
    α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6
    β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).
    γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.
    B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])
    of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.
    of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.
    of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).
    of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.
    marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)
    in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).
    with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).
    distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.
    marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)
    w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.
    περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.
    marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).
    marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to
    to introduce the norm which governs someth.
    α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.
    β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.
    γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).
    δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.
    as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).
    α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general
    β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).
    denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.
    Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as
    an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.
    a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.
    a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά

  • 5 κάμπτω

    + V 0-8-2-2-7=19 JgsA 5,27; 7,5.6; 2 Sm 22,40; 2 Kgs 1,13
    A: to bend, to bow down JgsA 7,5; to bow down, to bend [τινα] 2 Sm 22,40; id. [τι] Sir 7,23; to break [τι] (metaph.) Sir 38,18; to turn [abs.] JgsA 5,27
    P: to bend oneself to [τινι] 4 Mc 3,4; to stoop Jb 9,13
    κάμψαντες τὰ γόνατα bending the knee (in worship) 1 Chr 29,20; οὐδ᾽ ἂν κάμψῃς ὡς κρίκον τὸν τράχηλόν σου nor that you bend your neck, nor that you humble yourself Is 58,5; κάμψον ἐκ νεότητος τὸν τράχηλον αὐτῶν bend the neck of the youth, cause youngsters to obey Sir 7,23; ἔκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ he bent the knee 2 Kgs 1,13; ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ every knee shall bend for me, every one shall submit to me Is 45,23
    Cf. JOBES 1991, 183-191; RENEHAN 1975, 115-116; →LSJ RSuppl; TWNT
    (→ἀνακάμπτω, διακάμπτω, κατακάμπτω, συγ-,,)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > κάμπτω

  • 6 κάμπτω

    κάμπτω, [tense] fut.
    A

    κάμψω Il.7.118

    , S.OC91: [tense] aor. 1

    ἔκαμψα Od.5.453

    , Pi.P.2.51, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    καμφθήσομαι D.Chr.77.33

    , Gal.UP2.15: [tense] aor.

    ἐκάμφθην A.Pr. 513

    , Th.3.58: [tense] pf. inf.

    κεκάμφθαι Hp.Art.67

    , part.

    κεκαμμένος Arist.Metaph. 1016a12

    , ([etym.] ἐπι-, συγ-) Hp.Prog.3, X. Eq.7.2. (Cogn. with Lith. ka[mtilde]p-as 'corner', ku[mtilde]p-as 'curved', and prob. Lat. campus):—bend, curve, ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ that he may bend it into a chariot-rail, Il.4.486 (so metaph.,

    κ. νέας ἁψῖδας ἐπῶν Ar.Th.53

    ): freq. in phrase, γόνυ κ. bend the knee so as to sit down and rest,

    φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν Il.7.118

    , cf. 19.72;

    ὁ δ' ἄρ' ἄμφω γούνατ' ἔκαμψε Χεῖράς τε στιβαράς Od.5.453

    ; οὐ κάμπτων γόνυ, i.e. never resting, A.Pr.32; ἄσμενός τἂν.. κάμψειεν γόνυ ib. 398;

    ἵζω.. κάμψας γόνυ E.Hec. 1150

    ; so

    κ. κῶλα S.OC19

    ; then κάμπτειν alone, sit down, rest, ib.85, E.Hec. 1080(lyr.); also γόνυ κ. bend the knee in worship, LXXIs.45.23, etc.:—[voice] Pass., bend oneself, opp. ἐκτείνεσθαι, Pl.Ti. 74b;

    ὥσπερ ξύλον καμπτόμενον εὐθύνουσιν Id.Prt. 325d

    ; ἡ κεκαμμένη (sc. γραμμή ) a bent line, Arist.Metaph.l.c.
    II turn or guide a horse or chariot round the turning-post (cf.

    καμπτήρ 11

    ), κάμψαι διαύλου θάτερον κῶλον πάλιν to double the post and return along the second half of the δίαυλος, A.Ag. 344;

    κ. δρόμον B. 9.26

    ; κάμπτοντος ἵππου as the horse was turning, S.El. 744;

    κ. περὶ νύσσαν Theoc.24.120

    : metaph., κ. βίον to make the last turn in the course of life, S.OC91;

    κ. βίου τέλος E.Hipp.87

    , El. 956;

    ὅταν κάμψῃς καὶ τελευτήσῃς βίον Id.Hel. 1666

    ; ἑξηκοστὸν ἥλιον κ. Herod.10.1; διὰ λόγου κάμψαι κακά to end evils by reasoning, E.Supp. 748.
    2 of seamen, double a headland,

    Ἡρακλέας στήλας Hdt.4.42

    ; τὸ ἀκρωτήριον, τὴν ἄκρην, Id.4.43, 7.122;

    ὡς δὲ τὴν ἄκραν κάμπτοντας ἡμᾶς εἶδον Men. 15

    , cf. Aeschrio 8.3; Μαλέαν κ. Poet. ap. Str.8.6.20, D.S.13.64, etc.;

    κ. περὶ ἄκραν Ar.Ach.96

    ; κ. κόλπον wind round the bay, Hdt.7.58.
    3 abs., πάλιν κ. turn back, E.Ba. 1225, Rh. 234 (lyr.); ἐγγὺς τῶν ἐμῶν κάμπτεις φρενῶν ( κάμπτῃ codd.) thou comest near my meaning, Id.IT 815.
    III in Music, κάμπτων με καὶ στρέφων ὅλην διέφθορεν (sc. Phrynis) with his turns and twists, Pherecr.145.15;

    κ. καμπήν Ar.Nu. 969

    ;

    κ. ᾠδάς Philostr.VA4.39

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κάμπτω

  • 7 συστέλλω

    A draw together: shorten sail,

    συστείλας ἄκροισι χρώμενος τοῖς ἱστίοις Ar.Ra. 999

    (lyr.): Com. metaph.,

    συστείλας γε τοὺς ἀλλᾶντας εἶτ' ἀφήσω κατὰ κῦμ' ἐμαυτὸν οὔριον Id.Eq. 432

    ; draw in, contract, of the mouth, Hp.VM22; σ. ἑαυτόν, of a snake, Arist.HA 594a19;

    σ. καὶ προβάλλειν τὴν γλῶτταν Id.PA 660a23

    ; σ. τὸ πρόσωπον, so as to express disgust, Luc.DMeretr.13.5; of soldiers, σ. τινὰς εἰς τὸ τεῖχος, εἴσω τοῦ χάρακος ἑαυτούς, Plu.Sull.9, Cam.34:— [voice] Pass., contract oneself, draw in, Arist.MA 701b15, Pr. 949a17, Sor. 1.7;

    τὸν ἀέρα.. τυποῦσθαι συστελλόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ ὁρωμένου καὶ τοῦ ὁρῶντος Thphr.Sens.50

    ;

    συνέσταλται.. τὸ θερμόν Id.Ign.13

    ;

    σ. εἰς ὀλίγον Plu.Arist.14

    ;

    εἰς μεῖόν τι X.Vect.4.3

    ; εἰς τρίβωνα ῥᾳδίως συστέλλομαι (cf. infr. 11) Crates Theb.16;

    ἐς βραχύ Luc.Icar.12

    ;

    τοῖς ὄγκοις συνεσταλμένοι D.S.4.20

    ; βραχίονας καὶ καρποὺς.. ἐν τοῖς συνεσταλμένοις ἀποδεσμεύειν at the narrow parts, Gal.12.693; - όμεναι ὥσπερ ὄρνιθες gathering together, Plu.2.565e; cf. συνεσταλμένως.
    2 contract, reduce,

    τὴν τῶν βασιλέων γένεσιν εἰς τὸ μέτριον Pl.Lg. 691e

    ; ἁμαρτήματα ὡς εἰς ἐλάχιστα ς. D.18.246;

    σ. ἐπὶ τὸ ταπεινότερον Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b24

    ;

    τὰς φυσικὰς λύπας εἰς μικρόν Diog.Oen.2

    ;

    τὴν ῥύσιν Sor.2.41

    ;

    τὰ συσσίτια πρὸς τὸ σωφρονέστερον D.C.54.2

    :—[voice] Pass., draw cowering together,

    συσταλέντες.. σιγῇ καθήμεθ' E.IT 295

    ; τῇ διαίτῃ συνεστάλθαι to be moderate, Hp.Art.50, cf. Phld.Vit.p.22 J.; ξ. ἐς εὐτέλειαν retrench expenses, Th.8.4;

    ἵνα συνσταλῶσιν αἱ λίαν ἄκαιροι δαπάναι IG22.1329.11

    , cf. PAmh.2.70.3 (ii A.D.).
    b deprive of all food and drink,

    συστέλλειν, εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀντέχοι τις, ἐπ' ὀλιγοσιτίας καὶ ὑδροποσίας τηρεῖν Sor.2.15

    , cf. 86.
    3 humble, abase, τά

    τοι μέγιστα πολλάκις θεὸς.. συνέστειλεν E.Fr. 716

    ; ταπεινοῦντα καὶ ς. Pl.Ly. 210e;

    αἱ συμφοραὶ σ. τινάς Isoc.8.85

    ; opp. ἐξαίρω, Phld.Vit. p.20 J.; depress (opp. διαχέω, ἀνίημι)

    , διάνοιαν Aristid.Quint.2.9

    , 10:— [voice] Pass., to be lowered or cast down,

    συνέσταλμαι κακοῖς E.HF 1417

    , cf. Tr. 108 (anap.); [

    δοῦλοι] σ. τὰς φύσεις Heraclid.Pont.

    ap. Ath.12.512b.
    4 σ. λέξιν lower it, make it mean, Hermog.Id.1.6; pronounce a syllable short, opp. ἐκτείνω, D.H.Comp.14 ([voice] Pass.); δίχρονα συνεσταλμένα doubtful vowels when shortened, A.D.Pron.11.19.
    II wrap closely up, shroud,

    οὐ δάμαρτος ἐν χεροῖν πέπλοις συνεστάλησαν E.Tr. 378

    , cf. Luc.Im.7:—[voice] Med., ξυστειλάμεναι θαἰμάτια wrapping our cloaks close round us, Ar.Ec.99; συστέλλου σεαυτήν gird up your loins, get ready for action, ib. 486 (lyr.); ξυστᾰλείς tucked up, ready for action, Id.V. 424 (troch.), cf. Lys. 1042 (troch.).
    2 cloak,

    συνέστελλε καὶ συνέκρυπτεν.. τὴν δυσμένειαν Plu.Galb.18

    (unless in signf. 1.2).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συστέλλω

  • 8 ἰσχυρῶς

    ἰσχυρῶς adv. of ἰσχυρός (Hdt. et al.; LXX; JosAs; Philo, Aet. M. 21; Jos., Ant. 12, 368, C. Ap. 1, 127; Just., D. 63, 1) strongly, dependably (w. ἀνδρείως) ἀναστρέφεσθαι conduct oneself dependably and courageously Hs 5, 6, 6. ὑποφέρειν bear bravely 7:5. ἀνθεστηκέναι m 12, 5, 4. ἑστάναι stand firmly v 3, 13, 3. ταπεινοφρονῆσαι be extremely humble Hs 7:4 (simply=‘very much’: Antig. Car. 35; Appian, Liby. 96, §454; Diog. L. 1, 75 ἰ. ἐτίμησαν).

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἰσχυρῶς

  • 9 ὕψος

    ὕψος, ους, τό (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 119 ὕψ., πλάτος al.; Just., D. 39, 5; Mel., P. [edd. and mss. fluctuate in use of the pl. ὕψη or ὕψηλα]) ‘height’.
    extent or distance upward, height
    of dimension 1 Cl 49:4 (perh. sense b). W. other dimensions (τὸ μῆκος καὶ τὸ πλάτος) Rv 21:16. (πλάτος καὶ μῆκος καὶ βάθος) Eph 3:18 (βάθος 1).—Pl. ἀναφέρεσθαι εἰς τὰ ὕψη IEph 9:1.
    of locale height=high place (SibOr 8, 235), mostly= heaven (Ps 17:17 ἐξ ὕψους; 101:20; TestJob 15:1 τῶν ἐν ὕψει; Just., D. 39, 5; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Λαοδίκεια: ἀφʼ ὕψους ὁ θεός) Lk 1:78 (ἀνατολή 3); 24:49; Eph 4:8 (Ps 67:19). τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 Cl 36:2 (Diod S 4, 7, 4 ὕψος οὐράνιον; Aesop, Fab. 397b H. τὰ οὐράνια ὕψη).—τὰ ἐν ὕψεσι as someth. different from τὰ ἐν οὐρανοῖς Dg 7:2 (opp. τὰ ἐν βάθεσι).
    a position of high status, high position (of rank Herodian 1, 13, 6; 1 Macc 1:40; 10:24.—Of degree: Pla., Ep. 7, 351e ὕψος ἀμαθίας the ‘height’ of ignorance; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6; Plut., Publ. 100 [6, 5]; Jos., Ant. 8, 126 ὕψος εὐδαιμονίας) Js 1:9 (opp. ταπεινός and ταπείνωσις as TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 21 [Stone p. 70]) τὸν ποιοῦντα ταπεινοὺς εἰς ὕψος who exalts the humble (unless εἰς ὕψ. means ‘upright’, as Apollod. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 107d [=107e] Jac.) 1 Cl 59:3 (Job 5:11).
    a lofty opinion of oneself, pride, arrogance (PsSol 17:6) D 5:1. ὕψος δυνάμεως arrogance in an influential position B 20:1.—JKühn, Υψος ’41.—DELG s.v. ὕψι. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὕψος

См. также в других словарях:

  • humble oneself — index condescend (deign), repent Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • humble oneself to — index obey Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • humble — adj Humble, meek, modest, lowly are comparable when they mean lacking all signs of pride, aggressiveness, or self assertiveness either in spirit or in outward show. All are applicable to persons and their attitudes and manners, and all but meek… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • humble — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) adj. lowly, unassuming, modest (see humility); poor, obscure, paltry, mean. v. t. abase, shame, humiliate. See modesty, obscurity, piety. II (Roget s IV) modif. 1. [Meek] Syn. lowly, submissive, gentle,… …   English dictionary for students

  • humble — humbleness, n. humbler, n. humblingly, adv. humbly, adv. /hum beuhl, um /, adj., humbler, humblest, v., humbled, humbling. adj. 1. not proud or arrogant; modest: to be humble although successful …   Universalium

  • humble — {{11}}humble (adj.) mid 13c., from O.Fr. humble, earlier humele, from L. humilis lowly, humble, lit. on the ground, from humus earth. Senses of not self asserting and of low birth or rank were both in M.E. Related: Humbly; humbleness. Don t be so …   Etymology dictionary

  • humble — adj 1. modest, unpretentious, unpretending, unpresuming, free from pride, without arrogance, unostentatious, reserved, restrained. 2. meek, mild, submissive, obsequious, servile, subservient, subsidiary, slavish, broken in spirit, unambitious,… …   A Note on the Style of the synonym finder

  • oneself — Synonyms and related words: I, I myself, alter, alter ego, alterum, better self, ego, ethical self, he, her, herself, him, himself, inner man, inner self, it, me, my humble self, myself, number one, other self, ourselves, self, she, subconscious… …   Moby Thesaurus

  • eat humble pie — (punningly) To humble or abase oneself, to eat one s words, etc • • • Main Entry: ↑humbles * * * eat humble pie phrase to admit that you were wrong about something Thesaurus: to admit you are wrong or have done something wrongsynonym Main entry …   Useful english dictionary

  • Humility — (Roget s Thesaurus) < N PARAG:Humility >N GRP: N 1 Sgm: N 1 humility humility humbleness Sgm: N 1 meekness meekness lowness Sgm: N 1 lowliness lowliness lowlihood Sgm: N 1 abasement abasement self abasement …   English dictionary for students

  • boast — I (Roget s IV) n. Syn. brag, bragging, vaunt, source of pride, gasconade, pretension, self satisfaction, avowal, bravado, bluster. v. 1. [To brag] Syn. gloat, triumph, brag, swagger, exult, crow, show off, vaunt, swell, strut, bluff, flaunt,… …   English dictionary for students

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